The Determinants of Cardiac Output
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چکیده
An understanding of the determinants of cardiac output is essential to both medical specialists in their dealing with heart disease and hypertension, and to surgical specialists who deal with shock states and the maintenance of adequate circulation during surgical procedures. In this program, I'll introduce you to some fundamental yet often misunderstood concepts about the determinants of cardiac output by examining this hydraulic model of the cardiovascular system.
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تاریخ انتشار 2012